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Monday 6 June 2011

IPods inside The Workplace: Diligence Or Distraction?



Author: azidah12

Aplet, 32 and a former rock musician, rarely separates himself from his ipod device, and that includes although he's at operate.


When he's not enjoying his downloaded tunes, from Bob Marley for the White Stripes, he listens to podcasts about Internet design. Recently he plugged his ipod touch into the office's audio method and blared holiday music, significantly on the delight of his fellow staffers.

"My iPod's a lifesaver," says Aplet. "If I'm coding a Web site and I have to be focused and not distracted by conversations, I'll put on a headset and tune out. Then I'll just pound away within the keyboard."

Tuning Out to get Cranking




Workplace drones everywhere have been performing the same point for years, and their ranks seem to become growing.

A recent survey by Spherion, a recruiting and staffing corporation, found that nearly a third of U.S. employees now listen to audio on their iPods or similar equipment even though within the career. About 80 percent of individuals employees said the devices enhance their occupation satisfaction and productivity.

"I am in favour of any technology that can be utilized for entertainment even though looking precisely like work towards the casual observer," jokes "Dilbert" cartoonist Scott Adams in an e-mail interview. "And any entertainment is possible to find during an organization meeting is well worth the risk of getting detected."

Nevertheless, what do bosses and colleagues believe about the ipod touch invasion? That's exactly where things can get complicated.

Closing Doors


Is listening to music at function genuinely a boost to productivity, they wonder, or is it a distraction?

Does plugging into an ipod touch isolate listeners from their coworkers, shutting down natural communication and driving wedges between younger employees and their less-technologically savvy colleagues? Will an employee who's wrapped up inside a Jordin Sparks song listen to her telephone, or even a fire alarm?

What about security issues? Is it possible for a disgruntled worker to download sensitive corporate details as quickly as he can a song from iTunes?

Some firms, typically smaller, tech-oriented firms, are fine with their staff firing up iPods and MP3 players within the occupation. A few, including international firms like National Semiconductor and Capital One Financial, have even purchased them in bulk for employees who can use them to listen to training sessions and other firm communications at their desks, although traveling or even at property.

'You've Got to be Careful'

Nevertheless, not all businesses are excited in regards to the invasion on the ipod touch.


Asked about iPods at Intel (Nasdaq: INTC) in Folsom, Calif., business spokesperson Teri Munger pauses.

"I have in no way noticed someone with an ipod device inside the workplace," at least in her building, she claims.

The tiny players are not as innocuous as they seem, some companies insist, and raise some serious workplace questions.

"They're wonderful gadgets," pronounces Barbara Pachter, an office-etiquette and communications specialist in New Jersey. "With all of these types of technologies, though, it's about how you use them in your individual perform space. You've got to become careful."

The Spherion survey, conducted by Harris Interactive (Nasdaq: HPOL), determined that younger employees are most likely to listen to music on their iPods while working. Almost half of adults ages 25 to 29 say they do so, compared with 22 percent of workers ages 50 to 64.


Those iPods, MP3 players plus the like seem to become most commonly utilised among workers with "more monotonous jobs," like filing and photocopying, and solitary jobs that require little interaction with colleagues or the public, states Brett Wiatre, Spherion's Western region director of operations.

"In that type of niche situation, the music seems to keep people motivated and moving," Wiatre affirms.
Not All Workplaces Proper for ipod device

Daniel Robin, a workplace consultant in Santa Cruz, Calif., agrees that the units have their location at some perform websites.

Nonetheless, at other people? Not so a lot.

"It seems fine if a person is flying solo, like an information-technology technician who spends a great deal of time in transit to user web-sites," Robin states. On the other hand, they're "safety no-nos," he states, in other cases.

"What if you ever can't listen to a forklift approaching?" Robin asks.

Or even a colleague complaining?

The most great and irritating issue about iPods in the business office, says Pachter, is their capability to cut employees off from the actual globe.

"The 'pro' part of it's that their audio doesn't seriously bother other men and women, and it could assist some people concentrate," pronounces Pachter, coauthor of the book New Rules@Work ($13.95, Prentice Hall, 272 pages).

"The downside is that folks get so caught up in what they are listening to that they don't hear some talking to them. When their headsets are on, it is impossible to tell if they're listening to you, or listening to their music. It drives me crazy!"
ipod device iSolation

"Dilbert" creator Adams, who has poked fun at the phenomenon in his wildly popular comic strip about life inside the work cubicle, says he doubts that someone "is much more productive with distractions than without."

"Still, anything that makes your coworkers much less most likely to talk to you has to get a fine point," he jokes.

Dale Carnegie Training takes the matter a bit a lot more seriously. The corporation advises caution when employing iPods at operate.

"Even if your office sanctions ipod device use, very first think about your precise position and goals," Dale Carnegie's Internet web site reads. "Are you new and attempting to form great working relationships?

"The ipod may well isolate you and discourage interaction with other people."

Setting Policies

At Intel, the choice about regardless of whether utilizing iPods is appropriate is up to individual managers, pronounces Munger. Typically, it is acceptable if "work isn't impacted, employees are acting from a safe method and their cube mates aren't becoming distracted," she states.

Wiatre of Spherion claims some firms are setting policies about when and how iPods may be applied within the work, just as they have placed restrictions about the use of cell phones and other individual technological units.

"Some of our customers ban them," he pronounces. "Others are setting policies certain towards the work as well as the work environment. We encourage employers to set established, consistent standards, so that you will find no misunderstandings."

Folsom startup SynapSense has no such policies. Most of its 40 employees, who hail from like far-flung areas as South Africa, India and Barbados, embrace iPods at job, affirms spokesperson Patricia Nealon.

"We have a extremely diverse set of men and women, and they listen to all types of several tunes," she pronounces. "In a cubicle atmosphere exactly where persons retain their personal space and have to concentrate on what's appropriate in front of them, it works out great."

For software program developers or code writers, anyway. Nealon herself leaves her ipod at home.

"I'm a marketing man or women, and I adore interacting with persons about me," she pronounces. "I only use my ipod touch when I work out."

If you like  what you're reading, go to iPod Blog to find out more information on what's more iPod can do for you...


Article Source: http://www.articlealley.com/ipods-inside-the-workplace-diligence-or-distraction-1389687.html





Active Search Results

Wednesday 16 March 2011

HTC Chacha : Incredibly desirous smart technology gadget





<span class="goog-spellcheck-word" style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">HTC</span> <span class="goog-spellcheck-word" style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Chacha</span> : Incredibly desirous smart technology gadget


Author: Jack Martin

HTC Corporation, known worldwide as a leading smart phone manufacturing company is based in Taiwan and delivers highly featured gadgets fulfilling every aspect to be present in a smart phone. Starting with Windows mobile to Google Android operating system, HTC gadgets deliver complete customer satisfaction. A lot of gadgets are expected to be released soon under this brand manufacturer, the most famous and desirous of them being HTC ChaCha, a device with extraordinary features to be present in a smart phone.HTC ChaCha is expected to be released soon with advanced display, camera, sound, memory and data features.






The gadget will be utilizing Android's latest version Gingerbread operating system powered by 600 MHz processor. The gadget will be available in silver and black colors adding to its great looks along with standard Li-Ion battery with longer talk time and standby support. Among other features 2.6 inches touchscreen with high resolution, QWERTY keypad, accelerometer and proximity sensors adds to its display properties. Unlimited phone book entries and loudspeaker facilities are also expected.Other characteristics of this upcoming gadget include great storage capacity of 512 MB which can be expanded up to 32 GB as per the requirements of the users with micro SD card slot. Apart from that, the gadget will also support 2G, 3G, GPRS, EDGE, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth v3.0, USB v2.0 along with light weight of 120 g and slimmer dimensions and HTC Sense UI thus adding all advanced features possible to be in a smart phone.






The gadget is also expected to support manifold applications including GPS, one touch Facebook key, SNS integration, digital compass, Google search, Maps, Gmail, Youtube, Google Talk, Picasa integration, document viewer, voice memo, Geo-tagging, face detection, media player supporting varied audio and video formats and other advanced technological applications.HTC ChaCha deals will hit the UK mobile phone market with the launch of the gadget with various service providers including O2, HTC Chacha Orange, Vodafone, Virgin, T-Mobile etc. Thee deals will be easily availed through various online shopping websites through contract, pay as you go and Sim free variants.








Out of these deals, HTC Chacha contract deals are expected to attract maximum customers through cheap rates providing the gadget for a specified contract period through fixed monthly rentals. Apart from that, they will provide valuable free gifts at the price of the gadget including laptops, iPods, gaming consoles, digital cameras, mobile accessories, bluetooth headsets, free texts, talk time, connection, monthly rentals, internet usage etc. These websites will also provide price comparison of the upcoming gadget to provide the cheapest deal beneficial to the customer's monetary value. These deals are eagerly awaited by both customers and retailers to avail maximized benefits with minimum efforts.




Thursday 30 December 2010

How to unlock Samsung i9000 Galaxy S

How to unlock Samsung i9000 Galaxy S

Author: Cellunlocker

How to unlock Samsung i9000 Galaxy S

This is a guide on how to unlock your Samsung i9000 Galaxy S phone to any network.

Easily switch simcards using the same Samsung i9000 Galaxy S.

Simply follow the instructions, enter the unlock code, and your phone is unlocked.

How to get an unlock code for Samsung I9000 Galaxy S

Do a code look up to find out if your IMEI number is found.  We can 99% percent of the time help you free your phone.

You can get the unlock code from HERE

In order to unlock your phone, we require your IMEI number.  You can find this by pressing *#06# on your phone as if you are making phone call.

Your IMEI number is always 15-17 digits long.

Once you receive your Unlock Code from us by email, simply follow the instructions below and your phone will be free to use on any GSM network.

Samsung I9000 Galaxy S Unlocking Instructions

1. Power on without SIM
2. Type in #0111*Unlock code# (8 digit unlock code*)
3. Device should say: "Network Lock Deactivated"
4. Phone may automatically reboot

You can call your service provider for the unlock code for your Samsung i9000 Galaxy S. Usually you must be customer for at least six months.

You can also get your unlock code from trusted sites such http://www.cellunlocker.net

Unlock your phone by simply entering a code, Cellunlocker.net is premier suppliers of remote unlock codes around the world. it have many remote IMEI unlocks including Blackberry Unlock, Nokia Unlock, Sony Ericsson Unlock, LG Unlock, Motorola Unlock, HTC Unlock, Samsung Unlock, Palm Unlock, Pantech Unlock and many many more!

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/cell-phones-articles/how-to-unlock-samsung-i9000-galaxy-s-2925760.html

About the Author

Author bio :-

Unlock your phone by simply entering a code, Cellunlocker.net is premier suppliers of remote unlock codes around the world. it have many remote IMEI unlocks including Blackberry Unlock, Nokia Unlock, Sony Ericsson Unlock, LG Unlock, Motorola Unlock, HTC Unlock, Samsung Unlock, Palm Unlock, Pantech Unlock and many many more!

Sunday 7 November 2010

See through camera let you see it all - should it be legal?

Author: Max Penn

See through cameras are on store shelves right now as we speak.


Before we talk about these, here's the dilemma...


While these cameras allow Law Enforcement to see through black windows, which is a great capability as they investigate a wide range of criminals and their activities...


They also allow the average Joe, that's you and me, to look at people and see through their clothes.


Photographers




Ok, so it doesn't allow to peep underneath a winter jacket or any thick material.But it let you "see it all" with many swim wear, dresses and many types of tight clothes.


So before we go into what technology and equipment makes this "super vision" possible, I just want to be clear...


I am not advocating to people to use the information in this article to look at people and see through their clothes.This article is meant to be informative - to inform you about this invading technology and what you may expose yourself to, especially in the summer.You may just be able to spot someone with such a cam and change venue not to be the subject of this person's hobby anymore.


Ok, here we go...


The science and technology that make "see through" possible:


Just know that all reflected light (off any object) that we can see with the naked eye represents what we call the "visible light".


But our eyes cannot see a portion of the light reflected all around us.Including portion of the light underneath the surface of objects that gets to us but can't see with the naked eye.


Now,
Infrared rays can penetrate materials and objects quite easily.So the idea is to have a way to look at only the infrared rays that penetrated a material or medium - something we cannot do with the naked eye - while filtering out the reflected normal light (off the clothing and the skin underneath).


Swimmer




To achieve this you need two things.


The two pieces of equipment needed to achieve this "bionic vision":
-An infrared sensitive camera
- An IR (infrared) filter


Infrared sensitive camera:
One of the most popular model is the Sony night camera.This popular Sony model is a good infrared sensitive device choice. Only you also need an IR filter.


Infrared (IR) filter:
This is the part that filter out the reflected normal light off the clothing and the skin underneath.


Camera Lens without an IR Filter




There are many cheap models on the market. Many cheap models requires you to make modifications to your camcorder. One good model which doesn't require any modification is the ADXIR filter. You just add it to a night camcorder and voila.


While see through cameras are a reality, it's my understanding that peeping Toms looking around at people with this equipment is not a common occurrence.


Not to mention you will notice anyone staring at you with a camcorder, wether it is a see through camera or not. And can act accordingly.


============
About The Author

Finding out anything on anyone and how to protect yourself from others trying to spy on you is what "Spy Equipment Buying Guide" is all about.
To learn more go to spy gear

Article Source: http://www.articlealley.com/article_114759_45.html




Discover your ancestors at Genes Reunited.co.uk


see through camera, see through

Sunday 17 October 2010

Music Production and Mixing Tips & Tricks







Author: Ian Waugh


What makes a pro recording pro? What is the "sound" that the pros get and how can you make your recordings sound more professional?


The simple answer is - there's no simple answer. But with careful listening and a little experience you can create excellent results with modest equipment.




Good mixing starts ear;


The first and most important item of equipment is - who knows? Anyone? It's your ears! Sorry to tell you this, but listening to ten hours of Rave at 110dB will do nothing for them and you might as well give your mix to a turtle as try to mix with misused ears.


Listen to commercial recordings of mixes you like, analyse them, listen for the effects and get to know what constitutes the sort of sound you're after.




Mixing secrets;


There's no hidden secret to getting a good sound, but if we had to sum up the secret of mixing in two words it would be this - EQ and compression. Okay that's three words.


These are probably the two most important tools used by professional producers. However, like any tools, if you don't know how to use them you'll be carving Habitat tables instead of Chippendale chairs.


That's where your ears and experience come in. Here we have assembled some production ideas, suggestions, tips and tricks but they can only be guidelines and need to be adapted to suit your material. There are no presets you can switch in to make a bad recording sound good. And if your original material has been poorly recorded not even Abbey Road could salvage your mix. But follow these suggestions and see how much your mixes improve.




Get the level right;


You can't push the levels when recording digitally as you can when recording to tape but you still want to get as much signal into the system as possible. This means watching the levels very carefully for clipping, and recording at an even and constant level.


Some recording software lets you monitor and set the input level from within. Some expect you to use the soundcard's mixer while others have no facility for internally adjusting the input level and expect you to set this at source.




Monitors;


Your ears are only as good as the monitors they listen to. DO NOT expect to produce a good, pro mix on tiny computer speakers. It may sound fine on a computer system, but try it on a hi fi, in a disco and through a car stereo.


Oddly enough, you don't necessarily need the most expensive Mic. Many top artists use what some might call "average" Mics because they work well and get the job done. You can spend a wad on a large diaphragm capacitor Mic (yes, they're good for vocals) if you have the lolly but check out dynamic Mics which are much more affordable and can be turned to several tasks.




Mixing MIDI and audio;


One of the great things about computer-based recording is that the parts can so easily be changed, edited and processed. It's also so easy to combine MIDI and audio tracks and many musicians use a combination of sample loops, MIDI parts and audio recording.


Audio recordings are generally guitar and acoustic instruments such as the sax and vocals. Incidentally, the best way to record guitars is by sticking a Mic in front of its speakers. You can DI them and process them later and this may be cleaner but for a natural guitar sound a Miced amp is hard to beat.


It's not necessary to record drums live and, in fact, it's difficult to do and retain a modern sound. You can buy off-the-shelf MIDI drum riffs and audio drum loops, or program your own. The quality of the gear which makes drum noises these days is such that anyone with a good riff can sound like a pro.




Mixing MIDI;


As MIDI and audio parts appear on the same screen in modern sequencers, it's very easy to arrange them into a song. However, when you come to mix everything down there's another consideration. If you are recording to DAT you can simply route the audio and MIDI outputs through a mixer and into the DAT machine.


However, if you want to create a CD you must first convert the MIDI parts to audio data. The entire song can then be mixed to hard disk and burned to CD. Converting MIDI to audio can have another benefit and that's the ability to process the MIDI tracks using digital effects.




Effects;


There are three positions for effects known as Master, Send and Insert. Use the Master for effects you want to apply to the entire mix. These will often be EQ, compression and reverb.


Although giving each channel its own Insert effects is kinda neat, each one uses a corresponding amount of CPU power. So if your computer is struggling and if you're using the same effect on more than one channel, make the effect a Send effect and route those channels to it.


Many pieces of software let you apply an effect Pre or Post fader. With Post fader, the amount of sound sent to the effect is controlled by the fader. With Pre fader, the total volume level of the signal is sent. Post fader is the usual default and the one you'll use the most.






EQ;


EQ is the most popular and the most over-used effect. Yes, it can be used to try to "fix a mix" but you can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear as me Gran used to say and what she didn't know about mixing could be written in the margin of the book of honest politicians.


But before you start messing with EQ - or any other effect for that matter - make sure you have a decent set of speakers. Have we said that already? Oh, must be important, then.


There are plug-in effects such as MaxxBass which can psychoacoustically enhance the bass frequencies to make it sound better on smaller speakers. However, this is by no means the same as getting a good bass sound in the first place by observing good recording principles.


EQ can enhance a mix to add gloss, fairy dust, shimmer, sheen, a sweetener or whatever you want to call it to the final production. It can be done with enhancers and spectralisers, too, although these tend to mess with the harmonics which some producers don't like. However, don't dismiss them out of hand.


General EQ lore says that you should cut rather than boost. If a sound is top-heavy, the temptation is to boost the mid and bass ranges. But then what usually happens is you start boosting the upper range to compensate and you simply end up boosting everything and you're back where you started - only louder!


The reason why cutting is preferred is that boosting also boosts the noise in the signal which is not what you want. Try it. Boost every frequency and listen to the result. If you think it sounds okay, fine. What do we know?


But when you're fiddling, do keep an eye on the output meter. Boosting EQ inevitably means increasing the gain and it's so-o-o-o easy to clip the output causing distortion which does not sound good.


Finally, check EQ changes to single tracks while playing back the entire piece. In other words, listen to the tracks in context with all the other tracks. It may sound fine in isolation but some frequencies may overlap onto other tracks making the piece frequency rich in some places and frequency poor in others.




Reverb;


Reverb creates space. It gives the impression that a sound was recorded in a hall or canyon instead of the broom cupboard. Recording lore suggests that you record everything dry, with no reverb, so you can experiment with a choice later on. You can't un-reverb a track once it's been recorded.


The more reverb you apply, the further away sound will seem. To make a vocal up-front, use only enough reverb to take away the dryness. Vocals don't want to be mushy (lyrics can be mushy) so use a bright reverb.


A common novice error is to swamp everything with different types of reverb. Don't - it sounds horrible!






Mixing down;


You've done all the recordings, done the edits, applied the effects and now it's time to mix everything into a Big Number One Hit! Before you do, go home and have a good night's sleep. Have two. In fact, sleep for a week.


Yes, we know you're hot and raring to go but your ears are tired. They're falling asleep. Listen carefully and you might hear then snore!


There is a phenomenon known as ear fatigue and consistent exposure to sound, especially the same frequencies, makes our ears less responsive to them. Goes back to the bit about spending your life in a Rave club - you'll never be a master producer. If you try to mix after spending a day arranging, your ears will not be as responsive, so do them and your mix a favour by waiting at least a day.


Now, go forth and mix! And don't forget - you get better with practice. For more information about mixing, pick up a FREE copy of Creating The Perfect Mix at www.making-music.com


***********
Ian Waugh is one of the UK's leading hi tech music writers and creator of www.making-music.com. He has written for most of the major - and not so major - hi tech music magazines in the UK and many general computing titles both offline and online.


His output numbers over 2,000 articles, features and reviews and he has written several books and albums. He is author of the "Quick Guide to..." series which includes the Quick Guide to Dance Music, Digital Audio Recording, MP3 and Digital Music, and Analogue Synthesis.




Article Source: http://www.articlealley.com/article_29927_48.html


About the Author: Ian Waugh is one of the UK's leading hi tech music writers. He has written for most of the major - and not so major - hi tech music magazines in the UK and many general computing titles both offline and online.
His output numbers over 2,000 articles, features and reviews and he has written several books and albums. He is author of the "Quick Guide to..." series which includes the Quick Guide to Dance Music, Digital Audio Recording, MP3 and Digital Music, and Analogue Synthesis. There


http://www.making-music.com


DJ Gear storage box

DJ Gear storage box
Store your extra styli, carts, and whatever else in this DJ Gear storage box.








Saturday 9 October 2010

The Four Rules of Home Computer Security

The Four Rules of Home Computer Security

You never know who's trying to get in!


Computer security is on a lot of peoples' minds.  And there are lots of companies out there offering all sorts of ways to stay hack proof.  Most high-end products are geared toward large enterprises.  This makes sense since they are worth millions or billions of dollars.  Security companies go where the money leads.  But what about the typical home computer user?  How can novice users traverse this brave new world?  Let's take a look at my four rules for home computer security.


Let's face it, the internet can be like the wild west.  You never know what you're going to find and it's hard to trust anyone.  But a little caution can go a long way.  The first rule to keep in mind is the rule of the low hanging fruit.  What's fruit have to do with computer security?  Well, actually it has a lot to do with computer security.  People tend to go after the path of least resistance.  If you were to pick fruit off a tree, which fruit would you go after?  Would you go after the fruit at the top of the tree or would you go after the one hanging in your face?  Of course, you would go after the low hanging fruit.  Hackers are no different.  They will tend to exploit the targets that promise the biggest bang for the least effort.  If you require more effort to hack, most hackers will pass you by.


The second rule is the rule of the front door.  You never, ever want to hook your computer directly up to the internet.  A caveat to this rule is if you know what you're doing and set up a firewall directly on that computer.  There are other considerations, but I'm going after straight-forward solutions for you.  What I mean is that you never want to hook a DSL or cable modem directly into your computer.  You always want to put some type of router between the modem and your computer.  This can be a simple dsl/cable router from someone like Linksys.  This helps to segment a private network from the public internet network.  Let me use an analogy.  If you hook up your computer directly to your modem, it's like opening your front door and letting anyone into your house.  There is no barrier between you and the outside world.  However, if you put a router between the modem and your computer, it's like closing that door on the front of your house.  Now, only certain, trusted people are allowed in.


The third rule is the rule of pest control.  Please don't run a computer without virus protection.  You can have the best front door in the world, but if you let the back door open it's useless.  Anti virus programs help control loopholes in trusted communication lines.  A friend of mine got a floppy from a friend.  He then quickly copied a presentation for a corporate client on it.  He went to the client, inserted the floppy, and was greeted by an obnoxious virus alert.  The client was furious, my friend was highly embarrassed, but the software did its job.  Never run a computer without virus protection.  And these days, you need spyware protection.  There are some great free ones out there like Spybot Search and Destroy.  I also like SpywareGuide's Xscan for interval scanning.


The fourth rule is the rule of sewing.  Ok, I'm not talking about sewing in the traditional sense.  I'm talking about putting patches on - on your operating system that is.  If you are using Windows, you need to make sure windows update is set to automatically download updates.  Security patches regularly come out and you would be less than wise to ignore them.  And be warned, in this day and age, some security issues involve simply visiting malicious websites to breech your security.  Don't be a victim, be prepared.


While this certainly won't fend off the most hardened hacker, it will keep most at bay.  It's sort of like home security.  Is a thief going to target the home with lax security or the one with great security?  I'll leave that answer to you.



Author: Paul Mcgillivary

Copyright 2006 Jack Knows Inc.



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Thursday 7 October 2010

Understanding Loudspeaker and Amplifier Impedance

Understanding Loudspeaker and Amplifier Impedance


This article gives information on understanding loudspeaker impedance (resistance) which is measured in ohms, and how to match loudspeakers to a suitable power amplifier.



The information is relevant to any music system, including in car entertainment, Home Cinema Systems, Band pa rigs and Mobile Discos



A Channel on an Amplifier refers to the individual module or circuit inside the amplifier which takes in a signal mono low level signal and boosts it to drive a loudspeaker(s).



All Stereo amplifiers have two Channels, one channel handles the left hand signal and speaker, the other obviously does the same for the right. Other than some amplifiers sharing the same power supply, the internal Left and right channels or circuit boards are seperate, which means in the event of a loudspeaker problem or component failure the opposite channel should continue to work.



Some Amplifiers used in home entertainment or Home Cinema systems have four or five output channels. These essentially work just like stereo (2 channel) amplifiers, but use additional outputs to drive front and rear loudspeaker pairs, and either a subwoofer or center channel for surround sound applications.



Okay - the load which determines how much power your amplifier provides to the speakers is dependant on the actual number of speakers connected and their individual impedance.



The load is called the impedence, and the level of impedence is measured in ohms. Most hifi and low power PA amplifiers will only work to a minimum of 4 Ohms however some professional PA or Disco amplifiers such as Peavey, and QSC etc and some powerful car amplifiers will work into a 2 Ohms load (often refered to by the manufacturers as being 2 Ohms Stable. However this application is rarely encountered since it would need 4x 8 Ohm Speakers to be connected to each channel to acheive this.



Working out Ohms:-



Most Music, Hi-Fi, Disco & P.A loudspeakers are rated at 8 ohms, so connecting one 8 ohm speaker to one channel of the amplifier will present a load of 8 ohms to it.



However most automotive loudspeakers are rated at 4 ohms.



Plugging in an additional 8 ohm loudspeaker into either the existing connected speaker or the second socket on the same channel of the amplifier (if fitted) will equal 8 ohm + 8 ohm = 4 Ohms load to the amplifier.



To get 2 ohms you would need to connect:-



8 Ohms + 8 Ohms + 8 Ohms + 8 Ohms = a 2 Ohm Load, so to get your amplifiers 2 Ohm rating you need to connect (4x) 8 ohm speakers to it.



Given the fact that each channel is identical and seperate, your Amplifier has the capability of running 4 x 8 ohm speakers per channel! - a total of 8 speakers - which is why I said to ignore 2 ohm ratings when buying an Amplifier and concentrate on the 4 or 8 ohm wattage ratings!.



2 Ohms of load on the Amplifier can also be acheived by connecting (2x) 4 Ohm loudspeaker cabs to the same channel.



In Hi-Fi Applications, it is also common to find 6 ohm and 4 ohm loudspeakers for sale in the marketplace. If your amplifier is rated at 4 ohms minimum load, then it is wise to just connect a single speaker to each channel to avoid overload.



So some common speaker combinations are below



8 Ohms load can be acheived by connecting either



1 x 8 ohm speaker



or



2x 16 ohm speakers (16 ohm speakers are very rare nowadays)



4 Ohms load can be acheived by connecting:-



1x 4 Ohm speaker



or



2x 8 ohm loudspeakers



or



4x 16 ohm loudspeakers



or



1x 8 ohm and 2x 16 ohm loudspeakers



Occupation: Mobile DJ

You may use this article provided the following credit is included and the links are active.
Chris Pointon has been a working Mobile DJ since 1988, based in the UK. visit his website at http://www.mobiledisco.org
For more information and articles on running a Mobile Disco then visit our Mobile DJ Community which aims to serve as a friendly, portal for working DJ's or those who want to find out how to become one!. Join The DJ's United Mobile DJ Forums











Argos



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